气象术语 Meteorological Terms

RYA游艇大师(沿海和离岸)考试考生在实操考试前应该复习的气象术语。其中一些包括在RYA日间船长岸基课程中，有些是涵盖在RYA离岸游艇大师岸基课程中。
A quick summary of meteorological terms that RYA Yachtmaster (Coastal and Offshore) exam candidates should refresh before their practical exam. Some of these “met. terms” are covered at RYA Day Skipper Shorebased. Some are covered at RYA Yachtmaster Offshore Shorebased.

以下所有的术语以英文为准

能见度定义 VISIBILITY DEFINITIONS

术语 TERM	定义 DEFINITION
非常差（雾）Very Poor (Fog) Δ	能见度小于一公里 Visibility less than 1,000 metres
不良 PoorΔ	能见度在一公里至两海里 Visibility between 1,000 metres and 2 nautical miles
中等 ModerateΔ	能见度在2-5海里 Visibility between 2 and 5 nautical miles
好 GoodΔ	能见度大于5海里 Visibility more than 5 nautical miles

海事天气预报的时间
TIMING IN MARINE WEATHER FORECASTS

术语 TERM	定义 DEFINITION
紧急 ImminentΔ	预计在发布后6小时以内 Expected within six hours of time of issue
不久 SoonΔ	预计在发布后6-12小时 Expected within six to 12 hours of time of issue
以后 LaterΔ	预计在发布的12小时之后 Expected more than 12 hours from time of issue

大风警告定义
WIND WARNINGS DEFINITIONS

术语 TERM	定义 DEFINITION
强风 Strong WindΔ	六级风Winds of force 6
大风 GaleΔ	八级风 Winds of force 8
烈风 Severe GaleΔ	九级风 Winds of force 9
狂风 Storm *	十级风 Winds of force 10
暴风 Violent Storm *	十一级风 Winds of force 11
飓风 Hurricane Force *	十二级风 Winds of force 12

风力预报术语 WIND FORECASTING TERMS

术语 TERM	DEFINITION
顺转 VeeringΔ	风向顺时针改变 如：从东转为南 The changing of the wind direction clockwise, e.g. E to S
逆转 BackingΔ	风向逆时针改变，如：东转为北 The changing of the wind in the opposite direction to veering (anticlockwise), e.g. E to N
Becoming CyclonicΔ	表示在预报范围内，穿过低气压路径的风向会有相当大的改变 Indicates that there will be considerable change in wind direction across the path of a depression within the forecast area

海况术语及定义
SEA STATE TERMS / DEFINITIONS

术语 TERM	定义 DEFINITION
小浪 Smooth *	浪高小于0.5米 Wave height less than 0.5 m
轻浪 Slight *	浪高0.5-1.25米 Wave height of 0.5 to 1.25 m
中浪 Moderate *	浪高1.25+2.5米 Wave height of 1.25 to 2.5 m
大浪 Rough *	浪高2.5-4米 Wave height of 2.5 to 4.0 m
巨浪 Very Rough *	浪高4-6米 Wave height of 4.0 to 6.0 m
狂浪 High *	浪高6-9米 Wave height of 6.0 to 9.0 m
狂涛 Very High *	浪高 9-14米 Wave height of 9.0 to 14.0 m
怒涛 Phenomenal *	浪高超过14米 Wave height more than 14.0 m

压力系统的移动 MOVEMENT OF PRESSURE SYSTEMS

缓慢地 Slowly *	速度小于15节 Moving at less than 15 knots
稳恒地 Steadily *	速度15-25节 Moving at 15 to 25 knots
较快地 Rather Quickly *	速度25-35节 Moving at 25 to 35 knots
急速地 Rapidly *	速度35-45节 Moving at 35 to 45 knots
非常急速地 Very Rapidly *	速度大于45节 Moving at more than 45 knots

气压变化的定义 PRESSURE TENDENCY DEFINITIONS

Rising (or falling) more slowly *	气压上升(或下降)的速度未来三个小时逐渐减慢 Pressure rising (or falling) at a progressively slower rate through the preceding three hours
Rising (or falling) slowly *	气压在未来三小时的变化量在0.1-1.5百帕 Pressure change of 0.1 to 1.5 hPa in the preceding three hours
Rising (or falling) *	气压在未来三小时的变化量在1.6-3.5百帕 Pressure change of 1.6 to 3.5 hPa in the preceding three hours
Rising (or falling) quickly *	气压在未来三小时的变化量在3.6-6百帕 Pressure change of 3.6 to 6.0 hPa in the preceding three hours
Rising (or falling) very rapidly *	气压在未来三小时的变化量大于6百帕 Pressure change of more than 6.0 hPa in the preceding three hours
Now Rising (or falling) *	在过去的三个小时，气压一直在下降(上升)或稳定，但在观察时，气压开始上升(下降)。 Pressure has been falling (rising) or steady in the preceding three hours, but at the time of observation was definitely rising (falling)

船真经考试小贴士

细心的读者可能发现每个术语旁边都有一个标记。要么是^Δ要么是*。

我建议参加沿岸级游艇大师考试的考生至少要知道所有带有^Δ的定义，但是优秀的考生也可能知道一些带有*的定义。(如果你的考官有不同的要求，别怪我！)
我认为，一个优秀的离岸级游艇大师考生应知道所有的^Δ术语和绝大多数，甚至是全部的*术语。

The observant reader will have noticed that each term has a symbol next to it. Either ^Δ or *.
I would suggest that Advanced Powerboat and Yachtmaster Coastal, Exam candidates should as a minimum know all of the definitions marked with a ^Δ, however strong candidates might also know some of those married with a *. (however, if your examiner feels differently then don’t blame me!)
I suggest that a strong Yachtmaster Offshore candidate would know all of the ^Δ terms and the vast majority, if not all of the * terms.